Human remains dating from 10,600 B.C. have been found in the Guitarrero cave near Yungay. The ruins of Chavin (Huari) and Sechin (Casma) offer insights into the architecture, monumental sculpture and many crafts of these advanced pre-Inca civilisations.

The department's name was changed from Huaylas to Ancash in 1839. In May 1970 a severe earthquake hit Ancash. The region suffered heavy damages, but its people recovered with vengeance. Today the department's vibrant economy, its new towns and well-organised tourist facilities attest to a determined, hard-working population.

Callejon de Huaylas (Santa river valley between the Cordillera Blanca and Cordillera Negra ranges) – ruins of Sechin (Pan-American highway north. 370 km south-east of Casma) – ruins of Huilcahuain (7 Km from Huaraz) – Canon del Pato – lakes of Llanganuco, Paron, Pusac, Cocha - Huascaran national park – ruins of Chavin de Huantar in the Callejon de Conchucos – Santa river – Laguna de Conococha – hot springs at Monterrey.
Easter week celebrations in Huaraz are renowned for their religious fervour.

The Callejon de Huaylas, whose highest peak is the Huascaran (6721 m), offers year-round skiing and mountain-climbing opportunities.